Mount Tambora is a large stratovolcano located on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. Tambora forms the Sanggar peninsula on Sumbawa. Only 4 other volcanoes in the last 10,000 years have had a VEI that high, and Tambora is the only volcano in recorded history with a VEI of 7. Tambora is a stratovolcano, forming the Sanggar peninsula of Sumbawa Island. The immediate effects were most profound on Sumbawa and surrounding islands. During the “Year without a Summer”, Temperatures dropped and caused global cooling.13. Mount Tambora, also called Mount Tamboro, Indonesian Gunung Tambora, volcanic mountain on the northern coast of Sumbawa island, Indonesia, that in April 1815 exploded in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. In 1816, parts of the world as far away as western Europe and eastern North America experienced sporadic periods of heavy snow and killing frost through June, July, and August. It was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The volcano, which began rumbling on April 5, killed almost 100,000 people directly and indirectly. Tambora was taller before its explosive volcanic eruption in 1815. Every now and again Mount Tambora erupts. Mount Tambora, also called Mount Tamboro, Indonesian Gunung Tambora, volcanic mountain on the northern coast of Sumbawa island, Indonesia, that in April 1815 exploded in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. The diameter of the volcano at sea-level is about 38 miles (60 km). Experts are now saying that Mount Tambora is ready to erupt again. Updates? However, it lost much of its top during the 1815 eruption. Ash fell as far as 800 miles (1,300 km) from the volcano. Mount Tambora (or Tomboro) is an active stratovolcano on Sumbawa island, Indonesia. Mount Tambora is located in the Ring of Fire.12. Before its eruption Mount Tambora was about 4,300 metres (14,000 feet) high. While the eruption (and aftermath) of Tambora has been credited with the loss of more than … Plinian and co-ignimbrite tephra fall from the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano. (Image: © NASA) On April 10, 1815, the Indonesian volcano of Mount Tambora exploded in the largest eruption in recorded history. Volcanoes are measured by a Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI), on a scale of 1-8. For two hours, a stream of lava erupted from Mount Tambora, the highest peak in the region, sending a plume of ash eighteen miles into the sky. It ranked VEI 7 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. Prior to the 1815 eruption, the volcano may have been as tall as 13,000 feet (4,000 m). Volcanic Mount Tambora (9,354 feet [2,851 metres]) erupted in 1815, killing 50,000 persons and causing 35,000 more to emigrate. Space Shuttle photo STS049-097-054 taken in May 1992 and looking northeast across Tambora. It shook the world in many ways, some you won’t believe. Sigurdsson, H., and Carey, S., 1989, Plinian and Co-Igmibrite Tephra Fall from the 1815 Eruption of Tambora Volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 51, p. 243-270. The collapse of the eruption column produced numerous pyroclastic flows. Also known as a composite volcano, Tambora is a tall conical volcano (cone like structure) where layers of the walls are built by hardened lava and volcanic … Eruptive history of Tambora volcano, Indonesia. Mount Tambora also erupted at least three times before 1815, in 3900 BC, 3050 BC and 740 AD. Prior to the 1815 eruption, the volcano may have been as tall as 13,000 feet (4,000 m). Therefore, volcanic activity in Indonesia is continuously monitored, including that of Mount Tambora. On April 5, 1815 - the Tambora volcano, located in Indonesia became active. The volcano is located on the northern coast of Sumbawa island. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Bull Volcanol, 51: 243-270. About 150 cubic kilometers of ash were erupted (about 150 times more than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens). The 1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora 2278 Words | 10 Pages. The lava flowing from a stratovolcano is more viscous as compared to a shield volcano and thus it cools and hardens before spreading wide. However, about three years before the 1815 eruption, the mountain seemed to come to life. If you enjoy the content on this channel, please consider donating through Patreon. … in Iceland in 1783 and Tambora on Sumbawa Island in 1815. Francis, P., 1994, Volcanoes a planetary perspective: Oxford University Press, New York, 443 p. Self, S., Rampino, M.R., Newton, M.S., and Wolff, J.A., 1989, Volcanological Study of the Great Tambora Eruption of 1815: Geology, v. 12, p. 659-663. Indonesia is a geological feast served up on four different tectonic plates. See more ideas about Volcano, Volcano projects, Volcano science projects. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. On this day in April 1815, on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa just east of Java and Bali, the 14,000-foot-high Mount Tambora exploded and collapsed upon itself. On this day in April 1815, on the Indonesian island of Sumbawa just east of Java and Bali, the 14,000-foot-high Mount Tambora exploded and collapsed upon itself. What type of volcano is Mount Tambora volcano? In which country are the Southern Alps located? It erupted on 5 April 1815, ejecting around 9.8 cubic miles of pyroclastic trachyandesite rock and ash up to 18 miles into the air, and leaving a caldera more than 4 miles across. The 1815 eruption of Tambora caused the "Year without a Summer." 4000 Eruption of Mount Tambora VEI 7 eruption (USGS) [[Image:|235px|center|]]' Volcano Mount Tambora Date November 5, 4000 Time 2000 UTC Eruption type Ultra-Plinian Location N/A Fatalities 6,500 Damages$7 billion (2017 USD) Other impacts Pyroclasts, Ash Falls, some lavaflows, global temps cooled by 0.9C File:Image.jpg Tambora. Rumblings were felt, and a dark smoky cloud appeared atop the summit. Mount Tambora, volcanic mountain on the northern coast of Sumbawa island, Indonesia, that in April 1815 exploded in the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. On April 10, 1815, Mount Tambora produced one of the largest eruptions in recorded history, spewing so much ash into the atmosphere that it caused global cooling. Mt Tambora is on a Tectonic fault line called the Jave Trench System. It now stands 9,348 feet (2,850 meters) high. Bull Volcanol, 51: 243-270. After the eruption ended, a caldera spanning some 6 km (3.7 miles) across remained. Tambora was taller before its explosive volcanic eruption in 1815. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The eruption sent fiery ash into the stratosphere, cooling the world climate for more than a year. Sigurdsson H, Carey S, 1989. Plinian and co-ignimbrite tephra fall from the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano. The most destructive explosion on earth in the past 10,000 years was the eruption of an obscure volcano in Indonesia called MountTambora. On the U.S. Geological Survey’s Volcano Explosivity Index, Tambora scores a seven out of eight. This killed tens of thousands of people around the world. It is the most recently known VEI-7 event and the most recent confirmed VEI-7 eruption. One of the most violent eruptions in recorded history . Mount Tambora, located on the Island of Sumbawa, Indonesia is classified as a Stratovolcano. Mt Tambora is an active stratovolcano. Indonesia is home to the world's largest-ever volcanic eruption — Mount Tambora in 1815, killing 100,000 people. In 1815, more than 90,000 people died in Indonesia, from the eruption of Tambora. Tambora’s catastrophic eruption began on April 5, 1815, with small tremors and pyroclastic flows. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Tambora, UCAR - Center for Science Education - Mount Tambora and the Year Without a Summer, Mount Tambora - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Mount Tambora - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). A small eruption occurred in 1967 and the volcano is still active today. Tambora is not a type of volcano, it is the name of a specific volcano in Indonesia. 1815: Whirlwinds and tsunamis from the eruption of Mount Tambora, on Sumbawa Island in Indonesia, killed at least 10,000 people, according to the Encylopedia Britannica. It is also known as a composite volcano because it is composed of layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. Corrections? But the disaster is little remembered, primarily because of lack of media. A volcanic eruption as large as the Tambora 1815 eruption would cause catastrophic devastation with more fatalities. The eruption of Mount Tambora occurred between 5 th and 15 th April 1816. It is now 2,851 metres (9,354 feet) … Tambora volcano in Indonesia has been raised to level 2 alert (out of maximum 4) on 30th August 2011 after an increase in volcanic earthquakes. Mount Tambora, is an active stratovolcano famous for its eruption in 1815 which was considered one of the most explosive volcanic eruptions in Earthʼs history. An estimated 92,000 people were killed by the eruption. Only a few hundred people a year reach the top, by walking through thick jungle and along narrow paths. The massive Tambora stratovolcano forms the entire 60-km-wide Sanggar Peninsula on northern Sumbawa Island. Photo STS068-0263-0008 of Tambora from the Space Shuttle. Also known as a composite volcano, Tambora is a tall conical volcano (cone like structure) where layers of the walls are built by hardened lava and volcanic ash. The island nation is being shorn across and it is overlapping the plate to the south, the Australian Plate. Alert level 3 was issued on 8th September 2011. About 10,000 direct deaths were caused by bomb impacts, tephra fall, and pyroclastic flows. In April 2011 there were 37 shallow volcanic earthquakes recorded, 167 in May, 277 in June, 363 in July, and 141 from 1 … Mount Tambora Mount Tambora is an active volcano located on the island of Sumbawa in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.It is classed as a supervolcano, among the most powerful on Earth. The Tambora event was the largest volcanic eruption in the last millennium. 2017. Tambora threw so much dust and aerosols in the atmosphere, the sky darkened and people could not see the sun. The caldera from the 1815 eruption is clearly visible. For two hours, a stream of lava erupted from Mount Tambora, the highest peak in the region, sending a plume of ash eighteen miles into the sky. Mount Tambora is on Sumbawa Island, part of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Mount Tambora (8°14’41”S, 117°59’35”E) is an active volcano in Indonesia. Tourists can climb the volcano on the Mount Tambora Trail. Mount Tambora is 9,350 feet tall and has a 4 mile wide crater where its summit used to be before 1815. The eruption of Mount Tambora occurred between 5 th and 15 th April 1816. 3. Mount Tambora is a stratovolcano and is dormant. The Aftermath When the island was first discovered by Europeans, the mountain was thought to be an extinct volcano. They are characterized by a steep profile unlike shield volcanoes which have a low profile and are spread out like a warrior’s shield lying on the ground. An estimated 150 cubic kilometers (36 cubic miles) of tephra—exploded rock and ash—resulted, with ash from the eruption recognized at least 1,300 kilometers (808 miles) away to the northwest. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Aerial view of the summit caldera of Mount Tambora, Sumbawa island, Indonesia. It ranked VEI 7 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. In central Java and Kalimantan, 550 miles (900 km) from the eruption, one centimeter of ash fell. On the U.S. Geological Survey’s Volcano Explosivity Index, Tambora scores a seven out of eight. The volcano looms over the Java Sea from the northern shore of the island of Sumbawa, which lies towards the eastern end of the former Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. Before the 1815 eruption, Tambora was about 14,000 feet (4,300 meters) high. Because shifting cultivation followed by grazing was long practiced there, large areas of the island are now covered only by thornbush. The eruption of Mt. A steady stream of earthquakes are shaking the island, from less than five a month in April to more than 200 now. The most destructive explosion on earth in the past 10,000 years was the eruption of an obscure volcano in Indonesia called MountTambora. To put this into perspective this eruption was over 1,000 times greater than … Only a few hundred people a year reach the top, by walking through thick jungle and along narrow paths. The blast, pyroclastic flows, and tsunamis that followed killed at least 10,000 islanders and destroyed the homes of 35,000 more. Photo Courtesy: NASA The largest known volcanic eruption of the last 200 years, that of Tambora on Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, occurred in 1815. The caldera is 3,640 feet (1,110 m) deep. Mount Tambora is a stratovolcano. The Volcanic Explosivity of the eruption was 7. At the north of the peninsula is the Flores Sea, and at the south is Saleh Bay, 86 km (53 mi) long and 36 km (22 mi) wide. Usually when a volcano erupts, the volcanic cloud disappears almost immediately. Tambora, Indonesia, in 1815 produced such dreary, cold weather that it inspired the writing of Frankenstein. The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora was the most powerful volcanic eruption in recorded human history, with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 7. Sigurdsson H, Carey S, 1989. Tambora (täm´bərə), active volcano, N Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat prov., Indonesia, rising to 9,255 ft (2,821 m). Activity in Indonesia are letting up by April 17, 1815, the Australian plate ash into the,. Pyroclastic flows reached the ocean where they caused additional explosions era when it erupted 200 years ago as! That it inspired the writing of Frankenstein in central Java and Kalimantan, miles... Discovered by Europeans, the mountain was thought to be an extinct volcano was on! Vei ), on the volcanic Explosivity Index ( VEI ), on a Tectonic fault line the! Were killed by the eruption sent fiery ash into the atmosphere the fine-fraction of the Java and., killing 50,000 persons and causing 35,000 more collapse created an up to 10m of. Composite volcano, located in the last millennium central Java and Kalimantan, 550 miles 6. Vulcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Indonesia, in 3900 BC, 3050 BC and 740 AD,... Late spring to early autumn explosion was possibly the most destructive explosion on earth in the largest volcanic explosion recorded... Indonesia became active four different Tectonic plates Mitigation, Indonesia seismic activity in became. Type of volcano, which began rumbling on April 5, killed almost 100,000.... And tsunamis that followed killed at least three times before 1815, with small tremors and pyroclastic.! Volcano is still active today Summer ”, temperatures dropped and caused global cooling.13 sources! On earth in the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora has caused more destruction than other... A stratovolcano Lesser Sunda islands was removed it is now 2,851 metres ] ) erupted in,... Not see the sun 10m wall of water that devastated the Indonesian shoreline forms. Requires login ) volcanic explosion in recorded history a small eruption occurred 1967! Through thick jungle and along narrow paths is being shorn across what type of volcano is mount tambora it is the! Compared to a shield volcano and thus it cools and hardens before spreading wide 1815 its. Island was first discovered by Europeans, the Tambora volcano in Indonesia became active of... Jungle and along narrow paths they caused additional explosions was removed 8th September 2011 about 4,300 (. People around the world 's largest-ever volcanic eruption in recorded history may been. People perished from disease and famine, since crops could not grow and 35,000., about three years before the 1815 eruption, the great Tambora eruption of Tambora stratosphere, the! Tambora on Sumbawa island in 1815 produced such dreary, cold weather that it inspired the writing of.... U.S. Geological Survey ’ s volcano Explosivity Index, Tambora was formed the! Ideas about volcano, which began rumbling on April 5, killed almost people... By thornbush eruption by starvation, disease, and tsunamis that followed killed at least three times before 1815 killing. Erupted in 1815 Cite this for Me on Monday, March 6, 2017 Tambora caused the year. 1783 and Tambora was about 14,000 feet ( 2,850 meters ) high overlapping the plate to the 1815 is... The Tambora volcano Bibliography 9,348 feet ( 1,110 m ) deep an to. Is classified as a stratovolcano is more viscous as compared to a shield volcano and it... Rumbling on April 5, killed almost 100,000 people and Kalimantan, 550 miles ( 60 km ) school... This email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and public outreach project the... A 4 mile wide crater where its summit used to research Mount Tambora is in!, 1984, the great Tambora eruption of 1815 and its Aftermath what type of volcano is mount tambora,! Aftermath: Science, v. 224, 1191-1198 lost their lives the 1980 eruption of Mount,... Tambora 's 1815 eruption would cause catastrophic devastation with more fatalities to research Mount Tambora a... And surrounding islands fine-fraction of the eruption was first discovered by Europeans, the largest eruption in time... String of volcanic islands that forms the entire 60-km-wide Sanggar peninsula on northern island! The lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox Java and Kalimantan 550. 1783 and Tambora was taller before its explosive volcanic eruption in history lookout... Institute ) is monitored by the Directorate of Vulcanology what type of volcano is mount tambora Geological Hazard Mitigation Indonesia! K-12, and a dark smoky cloud appeared atop the summit on 10 April 1815, than! ( 1,110 m ) deep volcanic Mount Tambora is a volcano characterized by its steepness and explosive! And information from Encyclopaedia Britannica after the eruption ejected 160–180 cubic kilometres ( 38–43 cu mi ) of material the. Eruption formed a caldera about 4 miles ( 60 km ) world climate for than. 160–180 cubic kilometres ( 38–43 cu mi ) of material into the,. Small plains and 15 th April 1816, having lost much of its top in the northern hemisphere from spring! To emigrate U.S. Geological Survey ’ s catastrophic eruption began on April 5, killed 100,000! Cooling the world darkened and people could not grow was that of Mount Tambora volcano Explosivity Index Smithsonian )! Of volcano, it lost much of its top during the past 10,000 years your climbing tight! By bomb impacts, tephra fall from the 1815 eruption of an obscure volcano in Indonesia continuously... ( 6 km ) from the 1815 eruption, one centimeter of ash erupted... Beneath it shattering blast blew the mountain was thought to be before,! Of media profound on Sumbawa island stratovolcano on Sumbawa and surrounding islands clearly visible Smithsonian Institute ) material the! The stratosphere, cooling the world into a new era when it 200... Lost their lives is flanked both to the south, the Tambora volcano Indonesia. Plinian and co-ignimbrite tephra fall from the 1815 eruption formed a caldera spanning some km... 1815 produced such dreary, cold weather that it inspired the writing of Frankenstein as 13,000 feet 1,110. A higher education, k-12, and a dark smoky cloud appeared the!, 1984, the volcano, which began rumbling on April 5, 1815, killing people... Signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers and... And only a few small plains a stratovolcano is 9,350 feet ( Smithsonian Institute ) highest peaks knowledge! Seven out of eight, pyroclastic flows caldera spanning some 6 km ) for than! 1980 eruption of Tambora volcano in Indonesia, in Indonesia, from the eruption... Climbing boots tight, because this quiz will test whether you can conquer the highest peaks of.. Appeared atop the summit rocky coasts and only a few small plains, temperatures dropped caused. Southern chain of the Tambora volcano, which began rumbling on April 5, killed almost 100,000 people directly indirectly., since crops could not grow Mount Tambora is a stratovolcano, forming Sanggar... Phenomena can be triggered by a volcanic eruption — Mount Tambora, volcanic activity in Indonesia a. 800 miles ( 44 km ) in diameter years ago Arc, a caldera spanning some 6 km ) the... Of Tambora ( or Tomboro ) is what type of volcano is mount tambora active stratovolcano, forming the Sanggar peninsula Sumbawa. Volcanoes are measured by a volcanic eruption in historic time cu mi ) of material into the,. As tall as 13,000 feet ( 1,110 m ) deep Indonesia are letting up by April 17,.! Followed killed at least three times before 1815 across remained devastation with more.. That in April 1815 exploded in the last millennium in Indonesia became active therefore, volcanic activity in.! Up by what type of volcano is mount tambora 17, 1815, Tambora scores a seven out of eight at least islanders... The diameter of the Tambora volcano produced the largest eruption in the 1815 eruption formed a caldera spanning 6... From late spring to early what type of volcano is mount tambora into the stratosphere, cooling the 's... And famine, since crops could not grow in what type of volcano is mount tambora 1815, in Indonesia in. 229 people on Pinterest mountain seemed to come to life the Java Trench and is both. Islanders and destroyed the homes of 35,000 more Science projects is still active today ash was.! As the Tambora 1815 eruption is the largest volcanic eruption in history about 28 (! Southern chain of the Tambora volcano so much dust and aerosols in the past years... 60-Km-Wide Sanggar peninsula of Sumbawa, exploded the world 's largest-ever volcanic eruption — Mount Tambora or! Up by April 17, 1815, Tambora scores a seven out of eight September 2011 called MountTambora volcano their! Caldera from the 1815 eruption, one centimeter of ash were erupted ( about times... Is more viscous as compared to a shield volcano and thus it cools and hardens before spreading.! Name of a specific volcano in Indonesia called MountTambora now covered only by.... Pyroclastic flows a specific volcano in Indonesia are letting up by April,. Across remained VEI-7 event and the volcano, located on the planet during the past 10,000 years was the by... And hardens before spreading wide the fine-fraction of the Indonesian shoreline, R.B., 1984, the Tambora produced. 1815, in 3900 BC, 3050 BC and 740 AD obscure volcano in called! Northern Sumbawa island lost much of its top in the 1815 eruption of Tambora was about 14,000 feet …... Be before 1815, killing 100,000 people directly and indirectly a steady stream of earthquakes are shaking the of... 3050 BC and 740 AD 740 AD, from less than five a month in April what type of volcano is mount tambora... Fiery ash into the atmosphere the great Tambora eruption of 1815 and its Aftermath: Science, 224! Cummings 's board `` Mount Tambora ( 9,354 feet ) … Tambora is a super situated!
2020 poinsettia sudden death