But, like other places in North America, the people aren't ruled by religion as they used to be. In 1966, the National Medicare program was created. Following Duplessis’s death in 1959, Lesage and the Liberals formed a government with a slim majority in 1960, and the “Quiet Revolution” began. [25] Seljak felt that the Catholic Church could have responded with a more vocal opposition. [33] Several scholars have lately sought to mediate the neo-nationalist and revisionist schools by looking at grassroots Catholic activism and the Church's involvement in policy-making. A new labour code (Code du Travail) was adopted in 1964. The Quiet Revolution put thousands of clerics out of jobs and hundreds of churches onto the real estate market, but it didn’t eliminate religion in the province. The publication of his book Les insolences du Frère Untel (1960) quickly sold over 100,000 copies and has come to be recognized as having important impact on the beginning of the Quiet Revolution. This strategy, however, proved weak as Québec's natural resources were exploited for little profit. [16] Per Professor Claude Belanger of Montreal's Marianopolis College the loss of influence of the RC Church and subsequent abandonment of long adhered to Church teachings concerning procreation was a key factor in Quebec going from having the highest provincial birth rate in 1960 to the lowest in 1970. 368pp., Pb. The Quiet Revolution typically refers to the efforts made by the Libera… [38] The rise to power of arguably Canada's most influential Prime Minister was unique in Canadian politics. Beheading the Saint analyzes the genesis and transformation of national identity in Québec from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, with specific attention to the secularization of French Canadianness during the 1960s’ Quiet Revolution. [34][35], Politics at the federal level were also in flux. Quiet Revolution, period of rapid social and political change experienced in Québec during the 1960s. In addition, until the Quiet Revolution, higher education was accessible to only a minority of French Canadians because of the generally low level of formal education and the expense involved. A. Brian. [21] The shift in mentality of the Quiet Revolution allowed Québec to gain further financial autonomy by accessing this area of the economy which, as is evidenced by Hydro-Québec, is extremely profitable. Many left the convent while very few young women entered. [5] Until the second half of the 20th century, the majority of Francophone Québec workers lived below the poverty line,[citation needed] and Francophones did not join the executive ranks of the businesses of their own province. The Canadian Constitution of 1867 made education an area of provincial responsibility. It was during the same year that the Code Civil (Civil Code) was modified to recognize the legal equality of spouses. Jean Drapeau became Montreal mayor on October 24, 1960. Lesage had an excellent team of cabinet ministers which included Rene Levesque. In 1957, the federal government passed the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act. The bill also restricted the eligibility for elementary and high school students to attend school in English, allowing this only for children of parents who had studied in English in Québec. Prior to the 1960s, the government of Québec was controlled by the conservative Duplessis, leader of the Union Nationale party. It was a byproduct of Canada's 20-year post-war expansion and Québec's position as the leading province for more than a century before and after Confederation. [22] The Liberal Party, led by Jean Lesage and campaigning under the slogans Il faut que ça change ("Things have to change") and Maîtres chez nous ("Masters of our own house", a phrase coined by Le Devoir editor André Laurendeau), was voted into power within a year of Duplessis's death. [43] Within the first few years of his tenure, Drapeau oversaw a series of infrastructure projects, including the expansion of Dorval airport (now Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport), the opening of the Champlain bridge and the renaissance of Old Montreal. ", This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 06:23. All this hatred and differences started in the past, and this Quiet revolution, right after a new Liberal government led by Jean Lesage came in 1960. Québec set up a Ministry of Public Instruction in 1868 but abolished it in 1875 under pressure from the Catholic Church. The Quiet Revolution (French: Révolution tranquille) was a period of intense socio-political and socio-cultural change in the Canadian province of Québec, characterized by the effective secularization of government, the creation of a state-run welfare state (état-providence), and realignment of politics into federalist and sovereigntist (or separatist) factions and the eventual election of a pro-sovereignty provincial government in the 1976 election. For it was in this year that the newly elected Liberal Government of Premier Jean Lesage embarked upon an ambitious plan aimed at modernizing the Quebec economy and society. [23] Behiels asked, how important are economic factors such as outside control of Québec's finance and industry? Also during this period the Ministry of Social Affairs was created, which in June 1985 became the Ministry of Health and Social Services, responsible for the administration of health and social services in the province. From an economic perspective, Quebec’s manufacturing sector had seen important growth since the Industrial Revolution. Despite a series of reforms with Vatican II in 1962, the Catholic Church was losing ground in Quebec during the era of the Quiet Revolution The Beginning of a New Era - The Decline of the Catholic Religion Though the improvements made to Québec society during this era make it seem like an extremely innovative period, it has been posited that these changes follow a logical revolutionary movement occurring throughout North America in the 1960s. In many ways, Duplessis's death in 1959, quickly followed by the sudden death of his successor Paul Sauvé, triggered the Quiet Revolution. Their victory was characterised by a political turn from Catholicism to secularism, which had been brewing socially before the election. In fact, Supreme Court of Canada cases such as Saumur v. City of Quebec and Roncarelli v. 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