In contrast, in 2016, they used 6.0 global hectares of biocapacity - their ecological footprint of consumption. At holidays like Christmas and Easter bock beer is also available. He is currently the only driver to have been champion for both Ferrari and McLaren, the sport's two most successful constructors. [156] The Lutheran church also recorded a loss of 74,421 adherents between 2001 and 2016. [15] It plays host to the OSCE and OPEC and is a founding member of the OECD and Interpol. Around Austria there are the countries of Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. From Latin Austria, a Latinization of Old High German Ostarrîchi (the first element of which means "east" and stems from Proto-Germanic *austraz (“eastern”), and the second element of which is rīhhi (“realm”); it, in turn, is a calque of Latin Marchia austriaca (“eastern borderland”). (See east, easternfor more.) [100] Austria had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 3.55/10, ranking it 149th globally out of 172 countries. He established a plebiscite confirming the union with Germany in April 1938. During the Baroque period, Slavic and Hungarian folk forms influenced Austrian music. Beer is sold in 0.2 litre (a Pfiff), 0.3 litre (a Seidel, kleines Bier or Glas Bier) and 0.5 litre (a Krügerl or großes Bier or Halbe) measures. [58][59] The two big parties at this time, the Social Democrats and the Conservatives, had paramilitary armies;[60] the Social Democrats' Schutzbund was now declared illegal, but was still operative[60] as civil war broke out. The political system of the Second Republic with its nine states is based on the constitution of 1920, amended in 1929, which was reenacted on 1 May 1945.[87]. rescue dog handlers) enjoys a reputation as a quick (standard deployment time is 10 hours) and efficient SAR unit. [67] Turnout in the election was officially 99.5%, with 98.9% voting "yes". [154], According to the most recent Eurobarometer Poll 2010,[160]. With nearly three-quarters of the country dominated by the Alps, the alpine climate is predominant. The first appearance of the word "Ostarrîchi", circled in red and magnified. [citation needed], This left the responsibility for the end of the war, on 3 November 1918, solely to the emperor and his government. Austria's population was estimated to be nearly 9 million (8.9) in 2020 by the Statistik Austria. [74] Vienna fell on 13 April 1945, during the Soviet Vienna Offensive, just before the total collapse of the Third Reich. Vienna was for a long time an important centre of musical innovation. [77] Jewish Holocaust victims totalled 65,000. Children work individually and all members of a class follow the same plan of work. in matters of culture, social welfare, youth and nature protection, hunting, building, and zoning ordinances. This Standard German language is used in formal contexts across Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, as well as among those with significant German-speaking minorities: Italy, Belgium and Denmark. The maximum class size is 30, but may be as low as 15. It was the home of novelists Arthur Schnitzler, Stefan Zweig, Thomas Bernhard, and Robert Musil, of poets Georg Trakl, Franz Werfel, Franz Grillparzer, Rainer Maria Rilke, Adalbert Stifter, Karl Kraus and children's author Eva Ibbotson. Roman Catholicism is the oldest and most predominant religious faith in Austria with a 61% of the total population identify with the faith. Yet, the government of Austria tried its best to be accommodating in some respects: for example, the Reichsgesetzblatt, publishing the laws and ordinances of Cisleithania, was issued in eight languages; and all national groups were entitled to schools in their own language and to the use of their mother tongue at state offices. The most popular types of beer are lager (known as Märzen in Austria), naturally cloudy Zwicklbier and wheat beer. NEOS finished fourth with 10 seats (5.3 percent of votes), and PILZ (which split from the Green Party at the start of the campaign) entered parliament for the first time and came in fifth place with 8 seats and 4.4% The Green Party failed with 3.8% to cross the 4% threshold and was ejected from parliament, losing all of its 24 seats. The voting age was lowered from 18 in 2007. Thus, the creation of a separate Western Austrian government and the division of the country was avoided. [154] Austrian Christians, both Catholic and Protestant,[155] are obliged to pay a mandatory membership fee (calculated by income—about 1%) to their church; this payment is called "Kirchenbeitrag" ("Ecclesiastical/Church contribution"). Not only did the Entente powers forbid German Austria to unite with Germany, but they also rejected the name German Austria in the peace treaty to be signed; it was, therefore, changed to Republic of Austria in late 1919.[56]. As a result, Austria is running a biocapacity deficit.[122]. In the case of Austria, Adolf Hitler's native soil, 99.71% of an electorate of 4,484,475 officially went to the ballots, with a positive tally of 99.73%. The country has achieved a high standard of living and in 2018 was ranked 20th in the world for its Human Development Index. The main native language of Austria outside Vorarlberg is Austro-Bavarian, whose many regionally different dialects are spoken. Some politicians have called for a prolongation of this mission, but the legality of this is heavily disputed. The Nazis renamed Austria in 1938 as "Ostmark"[66] until 1942, when it was again renamed and called "Alpine and Danubian Gaue" (Alpen-und Donau-Reichsgaue).[72][73]. 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